| Original language | English |
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| Article number | 117865 |
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| Journal | NeuroImage |
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| Volume | 231 |
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| Early online date | 14 Feb 2021 |
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| DOIs | |
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| Accepted/In press | 9 Feb 2021 |
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| E-pub ahead of print | 14 Feb 2021 |
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| Published | 1 May 2021 |
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Funding Information:
This work was supported by research grants from Brazilian public funding agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, 477129/2012-9 and 445828/2014-5 ), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, 62/2014 ), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS, 17/2551-0001009-4 ). The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence (IDEA) project is funded by an MQ Brighter Futures grant [MQBF/1 IDEA]. Additional support was provided by the UK Medical Research Council [ MC_PC_MR/R019460/1 ] and the Academy of Medical Sciences [ GCRFNG\100281 ] under the UK Global Challenges Research Fund . Dr. Mondelli is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London . Dr. Fisher is partially supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Center for Society and Mental Health at King's College London [ ES/S012567/1 ]. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care, the ESRC, or King's College London. Dr. Kieling is a CNPq researcher and a UK Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellow. Drs. Swartz, Kieling, and Kohrt are supported by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health grant no. R21MH124072.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by research grants from Brazilian public funding agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq, 477129/2012-9 and 445828/2014-5), Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES, 62/2014), and Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS, 17/2551-0001009-4). The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence (IDEA) project is funded by an MQ Brighter Futures grant [MQBF/1 IDEA]. Additional support was provided by the UK Medical Research Council [MC_PC_MR/R019460/1] and the Academy of Medical Sciences [GCRFNG\100281] under the UK Global Challenges Research Fund. Dr. Mondelli is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. Dr. Fisher is partially supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Center for Society and Mental Health at King's College London [ES/S012567/1]. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care, the ESRC, or King's College London. Dr. Kieling is a CNPq researcher and a UK Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellow. Drs. Swartz, Kieling, and Kohrt are supported by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health grant no. R21MH124072.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Adolescents comprise one fourth of the world’s population, with about 90% of them living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The incidence of depression markedly increases during adolescence, making the disorder a leading cause of disease-related disability in this age group. However, most research on adolescent depression has been performed in high-income countries (HICs). To ascertain the extent to which this disparity operates in neuroimaging research, a systematic review of the literature was performed. A total of 148 studies were identified, with neuroimaging data available for 4,729 adolescents with depression. When stratified by income group, 122 (82%) studies originated from HICs, while 26 (18%) were conducted in LMICs, for a total of 3,705 and 1,024 adolescents with depression respectively. A positive Spearman rank correlation was observed between country per capita income and sample size (rs=0.673,
p=0.023). Our results support the previous reports showing a large disparity between the number of studies and the adolescent population per world region. Future research comparing neuroimaging findings across populations from HICs and LMICs may provide unique insights to enhance our understanding of the neurobiological processes underlying the development of depression.