| Original language | English |
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| Pages (from-to) | 256-274 |
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| Number of pages | 19 |
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| Journal | Nanotheranostics |
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| Volume | 5 |
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| Issue number | 3 |
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| DOIs | |
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| Accepted/In press | 9 Jan 2021 |
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| Published | 17 Feb 2021 |
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| Additional links | |
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Funding Information:
Azalea Khan is supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and King?s College London MRC Doctoral Training Partnership in Biomedical Sciences [MR/N013700/1]. The authors also acknowledge funding by EPSRC programme grants EP/S032789/1 and EP/R045046/1, the Wellcome/ EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering at KCL [WT/203148/Z/16/Z], the KCL and UCL Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre funded by CRUK and EPSRC in association with the MRC and DoH (England), and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and KCL [IS-BRC-1215-20006]. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.
Funding Information:
Azalea Khan is supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and King’s College London MRC Doctoral Training Partnership in Biomedical Sciences [MR/N013700/1]. The authors also acknowledge funding by EPSRC programme grants EP/S032789/1 and EP/R045046/1, the Wellcome/ EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering at KCL [WT/203148/Z/16/Z], the KCL and UCL Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre funded by CRUK and EPSRC in association with the MRC and DoH (England), and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and KCL [IS-BRC-1215-20006]. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© The author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
v05p0256
v05p0256_4_.pdf, 2.81 MB, application/pdf
Uploaded date:17 Feb 2021
Version:Final published version
Licence:CC BY
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and microvesicles have gained recent attention as potential biomarkers of disease as well as nanomedicinal tools, but their behaviour in vivo remains mostly unexplored. In order to gain knowledge of their in vivo biodistribution it is important to develop imaging tools that allow us to track EVs over time and at the whole-body level. Radionuclide-based imaging (PET and SPECT) have properties that allow us to do so efficiently, mostly due to their high sensitivity, imaging signal tissue penetration, and accurate quantification. Furthermore, they can be easily translated from animals to humans. In this review, we summarise and discuss the different studies that have used PET or SPECT to study the behaviour of EVs in vivo. With a focus on the different radiolabelling methods used, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each one, and the challenges of imaging EVs due to their variable stability and heterogeneity.